Shared memory allows processes to access common structures and data by placing them in a shared memory segment. This is the fastest form of Inter-Process Communications (IPC) available - mainly due to the fact that no kernel involvement occurs when data is being passed between the processes. Data does not need to be copied between processes.
Oracle makes use of shared memory for its Shared Global Area (SGA) which is an area of memory that is shared by all Oracle backup and foreground processes. Adequate sizing of the SGA is critical to Oracle performance since it is responsible for holding the database buffer cache, shared SQL, access paths, and so much more.
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